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11/03/2024

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William H. Stoddard

I've never liked the idea that the difference between "science fiction" and "fantasy" is that the science in science fiction is more rigorous by some metric. That's making the distinguishing characteristic of fantasy a negative one, the absence rather than the presence of a trait---like the old-fashioned definition of "invertebrates" as animals without backbones. Invertebrates so defined include a couple of dozen groups of animals with body plans as different from each other as any of them is from the body plan of chordates (the larger group that includes vertebrates); and fantasy so defined would include everything from space opera to fairy tales to superhero adventures to stories about talking animals. In either case the things included are so diverse that very little can be said about them as a class, and the things that CAN be said can generally also be said of the smaller complementary class.

One way of defining fantasy is as including all fiction with fantastic elements, of which science fiction is one case. Another way, one that fits genre fantasy as one of today's publishing categories, is to say that fantasy persuades readers to suspend disbelief about its fantastic elements by a rhetorical appeal to the precedents of myths, legends, and fairy tales, just as science fiction does so by a rhetorical appeal to science and technology. In this approach anything that makes the latter appeal is "science fiction," no matter how rigorous or handwavy the "science" is.

I'd note that E.E. Smith, who favored the approach I'm rejecting, claimed that his Skylark novels were "fantasy" but his Lensman novels were "science fiction," being scientifically rigorous. I still find the latter series enjoyable, but very little in it strikes me as having any trace of scientific rigor. So I think it's easy to misjudge such matters . . .

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